Periodo
histórico: 3000 al 63 a. C. Periodos de desarrollo:
Matemática sumeria (3000 a 2300 a. C.)
Los antiguos sumerios de Mesopotamia desarrollaron un complejo
sistema de metrología, los sumerios escribieron tablas de multiplicar en
tablillas de arcilla y realizaron ejercicios geométricos y problemas de
división. Las trazas más antiguas de los numerales babilónicos se remontan
también a este período.
El sistema de numeración babilónico era el sistema de numeración sexagesimal(base-60).De aquí se deriva el uso moderno de 60 segundos en un
minuto, 60 minutos en una hora, 360 grados en un círculo.Los babilonios fueron
capaces de realizar grandes avances en matemáticas por dos razones: en primer
lugar, el número 60 es un número compuesto, con muchos divisores 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 y 60, lo cual facilita los cálculos con fracciones; los
babilonios, indios y mayas poseían un verdadero sistema de notación posicional,
en donde los dígitos escritos en la columna de la izquierda representan valores
mayores (tal y como en nuestro sistema de base diez: 734 = 7×100 + 3×10 + 4×1).
Los sumerios y babilonios fueron pioneros a este respecto.
El sistema sexagesimal de numeración se ha establecido,
posiblemente, de la fusión de otros dos antiguos: uno estrictamente decimal
(semítico) de signos para monedas, pesos y medidas y otro, duodecimal. En
textos astronómicos hay compulsa entre números positivos y números negativos;
todas las parejas de factorización igual a 60 o de sus potencias son recogidas
en tablillas
ENGLISH
Historical period: 3000 to 63 a. C. Development periods:Sumerian Mathematics (3000 to 2300 BC) The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia developed a complex system of metrology, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and performed geometric exercises and division problems. The oldest traces of the Babylonian numerals date back to this period. The Babylonian numbering system was the sexagesimal numbering system (base-60). Hence the modern use of 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, 360 degrees in a circle. The Babylonians were able to make great advances in mathematics for two reasons: first, the number 60 is a compound number, with many divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 and 60, which facilitates calculations with fractions; The Babylonians, Indians and Maya possessed a true system of positional notation, where the digits written in the column on the left represent larger values (as in our base ten system: 734 = 7 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 4 × 1) The Sumerians and Babylonians were pioneers in this regard. The sexagesimal numbering system has been established, possibly, from the fusion of two other ancient ones: one strictly decimal (Semitic) of signs for coins, weights and measures and another, duodecimal. In astronomical texts there is compulsa between positive numbers and negative numbers; all factoring pairs equal to 60 or their powers are collected in tablets
Historical period: 3000 to 63 a. C. Development periods:Sumerian Mathematics (3000 to 2300 BC) The ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia developed a complex system of metrology, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and performed geometric exercises and division problems. The oldest traces of the Babylonian numerals date back to this period. The Babylonian numbering system was the sexagesimal numbering system (base-60). Hence the modern use of 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour, 360 degrees in a circle. The Babylonians were able to make great advances in mathematics for two reasons: first, the number 60 is a compound number, with many divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 and 60, which facilitates calculations with fractions; The Babylonians, Indians and Maya possessed a true system of positional notation, where the digits written in the column on the left represent larger values (as in our base ten system: 734 = 7 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 4 × 1) The Sumerians and Babylonians were pioneers in this regard. The sexagesimal numbering system has been established, possibly, from the fusion of two other ancient ones: one strictly decimal (Semitic) of signs for coins, weights and measures and another, duodecimal. In astronomical texts there is compulsa between positive numbers and negative numbers; all factoring pairs equal to 60 or their powers are collected in tablets
los aportes en este campo fueron buenos pero considero que pudieron ampliarlo.
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